CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL BACKGROUND
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Change is often a noticeable occurrence in all living languages. Language speakers
exhibit dynamism in various ways. Every language is meant for a particular group of people
however, there are occasions where a language features in a foreign environment making new
words emerge and some lexical items might even be lost overtime in such language.
Obviously, man who makes use of language to communicate and convey meanings has
the nature of change in him. This seems to account for the change experienced in language.
Language is used to enhance effective communication and the effectiveness of its usage
goes a long way to generate the effective meaning of expressions.
Consequently, the context often times is an important factor to consider when one is
expressing himself.
Every country in the world has people who make use of languages which helps to
perform several functions of which Nigeria is not an exception.
Nigeria is a country, which has people with diverse languages and cultures. English
language is one of the language spoken in Nigeria and it serves several functions for instance,
business transaction, education, administration, the language of the press, the language of
entertainment and also the official language etc.
GENERAL BACKGROUND
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Change is often a noticeable occurrence in all living languages. Language speakers
exhibit dynamism in various ways. Every language is meant for a particular group of people
however, there are occasions where a language features in a foreign environment making new
words emerge and some lexical items might even be lost overtime in such language.
Obviously, man who makes use of language to communicate and convey meanings has
the nature of change in him. This seems to account for the change experienced in language.
Language is used to enhance effective communication and the effectiveness of its usage
goes a long way to generate the effective meaning of expressions.
Consequently, the context often times is an important factor to consider when one is
expressing himself.
Every country in the world has people who make use of languages which helps to
perform several functions of which Nigeria is not an exception.
Nigeria is a country, which has people with diverse languages and cultures. English
language is one of the language spoken in Nigeria and it serves several functions for instance,
business transaction, education, administration, the language of the press, the language of
entertainment and also the official language etc.
As a matter of fact, English has actually come to stay in Nigeria considering the prestige
being bestowed on it by Nigerians and apparently, a very high percentage of people in Nigeria
will not relent in protecting the interest of English language, simply because it helps to bridge the
gap of socio-cultural differences among the Nigerian people and also promotes interpersonal
relationship.
However, Nigerian columnists use English to convey their messages to their audience.
Some of their expressions are being captured by Nigerian English that is, the variety of English
used in Nigeria. The audience gain adequate information of the messages being highlighted.
The columnists, use to a large extent, employ some features of Nigerian English while
they write and they are always conscious of the fact that there is a Nigerian English.
Talking about lexico-semantic, it means lexis and meaning. It appears to be generally
recognised that frequent changes and modifications occur at the lexico-semantic level in Nigeria.
A large number of lexical items and expressions of British Standard English (BSE) have
undergone semantic change in Nigerian usage. Some lexical items in Nigeria English are
innovated through coining, compounding, blending processes and so many others.
Lexis is stock of words used in a language, it is also known as lexemes. It simply means
words. It is present in the lexicon of a language.
According to Jackson & Amvela (2007) “lexis are stock of words in a given language,
that is its vocabulary or lexicon”. The study of lexis is known as lexicology.
being bestowed on it by Nigerians and apparently, a very high percentage of people in Nigeria
will not relent in protecting the interest of English language, simply because it helps to bridge the
gap of socio-cultural differences among the Nigerian people and also promotes interpersonal
relationship.
However, Nigerian columnists use English to convey their messages to their audience.
Some of their expressions are being captured by Nigerian English that is, the variety of English
used in Nigeria. The audience gain adequate information of the messages being highlighted.
The columnists, use to a large extent, employ some features of Nigerian English while
they write and they are always conscious of the fact that there is a Nigerian English.
Talking about lexico-semantic, it means lexis and meaning. It appears to be generally
recognised that frequent changes and modifications occur at the lexico-semantic level in Nigeria.
A large number of lexical items and expressions of British Standard English (BSE) have
undergone semantic change in Nigerian usage. Some lexical items in Nigeria English are
innovated through coining, compounding, blending processes and so many others.
Lexis is stock of words used in a language, it is also known as lexemes. It simply means
words. It is present in the lexicon of a language.
According to Jackson & Amvela (2007) “lexis are stock of words in a given language,
that is its vocabulary or lexicon”. The study of lexis is known as lexicology.
However, lexis is always found in the context it exists. Lexis actually builds up the word
structure of a language.
On the other hand, semantics simply means the study of meaning. The researches that
have been made on semantics by scholars have often bothered on how meaning can be generated
in a particular language. However, though there have been so many theories of meaning which
have been propounded, not one of them can adequately account for how meaning of words can
be inferred in a language this is as a result of the abstract and complex nature of meaning.
Odebunmi (2006) asserts that, “the engine of language is meaning; without meaning,
there is no language in fact the essence of language is to generate or convey meaning”.
From the above assertion, it is quite clear that meaning is vital and an integral part in any
language. It plays an important role in every language.
Pei (1966) propounds that “semantics is the study of meaning in language, including
relations between language, thought and behaviour”. This suggests that meaning and language
have relationship in bringing out the true value of a language.
1.1 THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study will attempt to project the extent at which lexis and meaning of Nigeria
English vary from the British Standard English in the viewpoint column of the punch newspapers
of the some selected dailies.
structure of a language.
On the other hand, semantics simply means the study of meaning. The researches that
have been made on semantics by scholars have often bothered on how meaning can be generated
in a particular language. However, though there have been so many theories of meaning which
have been propounded, not one of them can adequately account for how meaning of words can
be inferred in a language this is as a result of the abstract and complex nature of meaning.
Odebunmi (2006) asserts that, “the engine of language is meaning; without meaning,
there is no language in fact the essence of language is to generate or convey meaning”.
From the above assertion, it is quite clear that meaning is vital and an integral part in any
language. It plays an important role in every language.
Pei (1966) propounds that “semantics is the study of meaning in language, including
relations between language, thought and behaviour”. This suggests that meaning and language
have relationship in bringing out the true value of a language.
1.1 THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study will attempt to project the extent at which lexis and meaning of Nigeria
English vary from the British Standard English in the viewpoint column of the punch newspapers
of the some selected dailies.
Also, it will identify the various types and causes of lexico-semantic variation in Nigerian
English that can be seen in the viewpoint column of the punch newspapers, to see the extent to
which Nigerians who write the articles seen in the viewpoint columns being examined, use the
lexico-semantic variation in the Nigerian English.
1.2 JUSTIFICATION
This research is studied to portray and clarify the point that Nigerian English is not a
deviation from the British Standard English but rather a variation of it. Therefore, an attempt
with be made to examine the Nigerian English words which are used to express the experiences
and thoughts of the Nigerian people.
Some scholars like Adegbija (1988), Kujore (1990), Bamiro (1991), Odumuh, (1984,
1987, 1998) and many others have carried out extensive studies in the area of lexis semantic
variation of Nigerian English and their contributions have been considered very useful,
especially to the Nigerian people who have little knowledge about Nigerian English.
This study makes an effort to generate relevant use and findings about Nigerian English
which will be of great benefit to English students who want to know about Nigerian English and
also to the Nigerian People generally.
1.3 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
English that can be seen in the viewpoint column of the punch newspapers, to see the extent to
which Nigerians who write the articles seen in the viewpoint columns being examined, use the
lexico-semantic variation in the Nigerian English.
1.2 JUSTIFICATION
This research is studied to portray and clarify the point that Nigerian English is not a
deviation from the British Standard English but rather a variation of it. Therefore, an attempt
with be made to examine the Nigerian English words which are used to express the experiences
and thoughts of the Nigerian people.
Some scholars like Adegbija (1988), Kujore (1990), Bamiro (1991), Odumuh, (1984,
1987, 1998) and many others have carried out extensive studies in the area of lexis semantic
variation of Nigerian English and their contributions have been considered very useful,
especially to the Nigerian people who have little knowledge about Nigerian English.
This study makes an effort to generate relevant use and findings about Nigerian English
which will be of great benefit to English students who want to know about Nigerian English and
also to the Nigerian People generally.
1.3 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
It is important to emphasize that this study: lexis-semantic analysis of viewpoint
column of punch newspaper will not include every aspect of the Nigerian English concept
because this will be very broad to analyse.
This study shall limit itself to the lexico-semantic variation of the Nigerian English which
are obtainable in the selected dailies in the months April, May, August, November and
December 2010.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
The mode of our study shall be the collection of newspapers published in the months;
April, May, August, November and December 2010. It is important to note that, not all the days
of the weeks in the months aforelisted will be analysed, but some dailies will be selected
randomly for the purpose of the analysis.
Emphasis will be made on the words or phrases and their meanings. The analysis shall be
done through established parameters, that is, the various features of lexico-semantic variation in
Nigerian English in the columns will be classified according to the type of lexico-semantic
variation they belong to. The lexico-semantic variation that will be adopted for our analysis is the
one identified by (Adegbija, 1989) cited in (Babatunde, 2001).
BACKGROUND OF SELECTED NEWSPAPER
column of punch newspaper will not include every aspect of the Nigerian English concept
because this will be very broad to analyse.
This study shall limit itself to the lexico-semantic variation of the Nigerian English which
are obtainable in the selected dailies in the months April, May, August, November and
December 2010.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
The mode of our study shall be the collection of newspapers published in the months;
April, May, August, November and December 2010. It is important to note that, not all the days
of the weeks in the months aforelisted will be analysed, but some dailies will be selected
randomly for the purpose of the analysis.
Emphasis will be made on the words or phrases and their meanings. The analysis shall be
done through established parameters, that is, the various features of lexico-semantic variation in
Nigerian English in the columns will be classified according to the type of lexico-semantic
variation they belong to. The lexico-semantic variation that will be adopted for our analysis is the
one identified by (Adegbija, 1989) cited in (Babatunde, 2001).
BACKGROUND OF SELECTED NEWSPAPER
THE PUNCH
The punch newspaper was established in 1973 by two friends, James Aboderin, and
accountant and Sam Amuka a columnist and editor at the Daily Times. Its headquarters is in
Lagos. Sam Amuka became the first editor of the Sunday punch. In November 1976, a few years
after the first print of its Sunday edition, the duo started printing its trademark daily newspaper.
Both editions were designed to favour a friendlier apolitical approach to news reporting,
combining footages of social events with everyday political news. It is a paper that is read
throughout the duration. The paper sustains itself by delving into broad issues that interests a
myriad of people.
1.5 CONCLUSION
In this chapter, we have given a general introduction of our research, stating the purpose
and procedures of our study.
We shall proceed to the next chapter which is the review of our literature where we shall
look through what some scholars have said about semantics, lexis, theories and types of meaning
and other terms that are related to this study.
Downloadlink
accountant and Sam Amuka a columnist and editor at the Daily Times. Its headquarters is in
Lagos. Sam Amuka became the first editor of the Sunday punch. In November 1976, a few years
after the first print of its Sunday edition, the duo started printing its trademark daily newspaper.
Both editions were designed to favour a friendlier apolitical approach to news reporting,
combining footages of social events with everyday political news. It is a paper that is read
throughout the duration. The paper sustains itself by delving into broad issues that interests a
myriad of people.
1.5 CONCLUSION
In this chapter, we have given a general introduction of our research, stating the purpose
and procedures of our study.
We shall proceed to the next chapter which is the review of our literature where we shall
look through what some scholars have said about semantics, lexis, theories and types of meaning
and other terms that are related to this study.
Downloadlink
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